Document Type : High quality original papers
Authors
1
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
2
Department of Microbiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
3
Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Air pollution regularly releases unpleasant odors, particles, and harmful gases into the environment. Depending on the type of pollutant and its concentration, the effect could be deleterious to humans who live or work near the polluted area over time. This study examines the air quality status, sources of pollutants, health hazards, and possible mitigation strategies in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study findings show that waste dumps, gas flaring, and food processing units are sources of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulates released into the atmosphere. The identified pollutant sometimes exceeds the allowable level recommended by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency of Nigeria and the World Health Organization, an indication of a possible adverse health effect. Some of the associated health concerns associated with air pollution include irritation of the nose, eyes, skin, and throat; coughing; shortness of breath; dizziness; and weakness. The pollutants can predispose the body to specific organ dysfunctions, particularly in those with compromised immune systems. The health effects depend on the type of pollutant gas, concentration, and duration of exposure. As a result, adequate mitigation measures, including installation of filters in exhausts of vehicles, emissions stacks in emissions chambers from industrial processes, efficient burners as cooking stoves, use of adequate personal protective equipment when in industrial areas, use of electricity, use of alternative energy sources, particularly biofuel and solar to reduce emissions. It will reduce the risks to public health from human activities polluting the air.
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